Naming conventions

General conventions

There should be no reason to not follow at least these conventions :)

Beware that actual cloud resources often have restrictions in allowed names. Some resources, for example, can't contain dashes, some must be camel-cased. The conventions in this book refer to Terraform names themselves.

1. Use _ (underscore) instead of - (dash) everywhere (in resource names, data source names, variable names, outputs, etc).

2. Prefer to use lowercase letters and numbers (even though UTF-8 is supported).

Resource and data source arguments

1. Do not repeat resource type in resource name (not partially, nor completely):

`resource "aws_route_table" "public" {}`

`resource "aws_route_table" "public_route_table" {}`

`resource "aws_route_table" "public_aws_route_table" {}`

1. Resource name should be named this if there is no more descriptive and general name available, or if the resource module creates a single resource of this type (eg, in AWS VPC module there is a single resource of type aws_nat_gateway and multiple resources of typeaws_route_table, so aws_nat_gateway should be named this and aws_route_table should have more descriptive names - like private, public, database).

2. Always use singular nouns for names.

3. Use - inside arguments values and in places where value will be exposed to a human (eg, inside DNS name of RDS instance).

4. Include argument count / for_each inside resource or data source block as the first argument at the top and separate by newline after it.

5. Include argument tags, if supported by resource, as the last real argument, following by depends_on and lifecycle, if necessary. All of these should be separated by a single empty line.

6. When using conditions in an argumentcount / for_each prefer boolean values instead of using length or other expressions.

Code examples of resource

Usage of count / for_each

main.tf

resource "aws_route_table" "public" {
  count = 2

  vpc_id = "vpc-12345678"
  # ... remaining arguments omitted
}

resource "aws_route_table" "private" {
  for_each = toset(["one", "two"])

  vpc_id = "vpc-12345678"
  # ... remaining arguments omitted
}

main.tf

resource "aws_route_table" "public" {
  vpc_id = "vpc-12345678"
  count  = 2

  # ... remaining arguments omitted
}

Placement of tags

main.tf

resource "aws_nat_gateway" "this" {
  count = 2

  allocation_id = "..."
  subnet_id     = "..."

  tags = {
    Name = "..."
  }

  depends_on = [aws_internet_gateway.this]

  lifecycle {
    create_before_destroy = true
  }
}

main.tf

resource "aws_nat_gateway" "this" {
  count = 2

  tags = "..."

  depends_on = [aws_internet_gateway.this]

  lifecycle {
    create_before_destroy = true
  }

  allocation_id = "..."
  subnet_id     = "..."
}

Conditions in count

outputs.tf

resource "aws_nat_gateway" "that" {    # Best
  count = var.create_public_subnets ? 1 : 0
}

resource "aws_nat_gateway" "this" {    # Good
  count = length(var.public_subnets) > 0 ? 1 : 0
}

Variables

1. Don't reinvent the wheel in resource modules: use name, description, and default value for variables as defined in the "Argument Reference" section for the resource you are working with.

2. Support for validation in variables is rather limited (e.g. can't access other variables or do lookups if using a version before Terraform 1.9). Plan accordingly because in many cases this feature is useless.

3. Use the plural form in a variable name when type is list(...) or map(...).

4. Order keys in a variable block like this: description , type, default, validation.

5. Always include description on all variables even if you think it is obvious (you will need it in the future). Use the same wording as the upstream documentation when applicable.

6. Prefer using simple types (number, string, list(...), map(...), any) over specific type like object() unless you need to have strict constraints on each key.

7. Use specific types like map(map(string)) if all elements of the map have the same type (e.g. string) or can be converted to it (e.g. number type can be converted to string).

8. Use type any to disable type validation starting from a certain depth or when multiple types should be supported.

9. Value {} is sometimes a map but sometimes an object. Use tomap(...) to make a map because there is no way to make an object.

10. Avoid double negatives: use positive variable names to prevent confusion. For example, use encryption_enabled instead of encryption_disabled.

11. For variables that should never be null, set nullable = false. This ensures that passing null uses the default value instead of null. If null is an acceptable value, you can omit nullable or set it to true.

Outputs

Make outputs consistent and understandable outside of its scope (when a user is using a module it should be obvious what type and attribute of the value it returns).

1. The name of output should describe the property it contains and be less free-form than you would normally want.

2. Good structure for the name of output looks like {name}_{type}_{attribute} , where:

   1. {name} is a resource or data source name

      • {name} for data "aws_subnet" "private" is private

      • {name} for resource "aws_vpc_endpoint_policy" "test" is test

   2. {type} is a resource or data source type without a provider prefix

      • {type} for data "aws_subnet" "private" is subnet

      • {type} for resource "aws_vpc_endpoint_policy" "test" is vpc_endpoint_policy

   3. {attribute} is an attribute returned by the output

   4. See examples.

3. If the output is returning a value with interpolation functions and multiple resources, {name} and {type} there should be as generic as possible (this as prefix should be omitted). See example.

4. If the returned value is a list it should have a plural name. See example.

5. Always include description for all outputs even if you think it is obvious.

6. Avoid setting sensitive argument unless you fully control usage of this output in all places in all modules.

7. Prefer try() (available since Terraform 0.13) over element(concat(...)) (legacy approach for the version before 0.13)

Code examples of output

Return at most one ID of security group:

outputs.tf

output "security_group_id" {
  description = "The ID of the security group"
  value       = try(aws_security_group.this[0].id, aws_security_group.name_prefix[0].id, "")
}

When having multiple resources of the same type, this should be omitted in the name of output:

outputs.tf

output "this_security_group_id" {
  description = "The ID of the security group"
  value       = element(concat(coalescelist(aws_security_group.this.*.id, aws_security_group.web.*.id), [""]), 0)
}

Use plural name if the returning value is a list

outputs.tf

output "rds_cluster_instance_endpoints" {
  description = "A list of all cluster instance endpoints"
  value       = aws_rds_cluster_instance.this.*.endpoint
}